When using macros (VBA) in Microsoft Word, you will often encounter file formats such as “.docm” and “.dotm”.
While they may seem similar, their purposes and behaviors are quite different. It is important to use them correctly depending on your goals.
This article explains the differences, features, usage, and security considerations of .docm and .dotm files in a way that is easy for beginners to understand.
What is a .docm file? (Word Macro-Enabled Document)
Abbreviation for: Document Macro-Enabled
The .docm format is used to save Word document files that contain macros. It is an extended version of the standard .docx format. You can use it just like a .docx file, but with the added ability to store VBA macro code.
Key Features
- Automation: Can perform automated processing using macros.
- Editing: Can be edited and saved just like a normal document (.docx).
- Execution: VBA macros can be executed as soon as the file is opened.
Use Cases
- A Word document that generates a table when a button is pressed.
- Forms that automatically input dates or person names.
- Internal documents that automatically adjust formatting.
The .docm format is ideal when you want to embed macros into a specific, single document.
What is a .dotm file? (Word Macro-Enabled Template)
Abbreviation for: Template Macro-Enabled
The .dotm format is used to save Word template files that contain macros.
A “template” serves as a blueprint for a document. When you create a new Word file based on a template, the new document is generated with the initial macros and styles from the template already applied.
Key Features
- Reusability: Designed to be used repeatedly as a template.
- Generation: Instead of opening the .dotm file itself, you use it to generate a new document (.docm or .docx).
- Inheritance: Macros included in the template are automatically reflected in the documents derived from it.
Use Cases
- Invoice templates (with macros for stamping or date entry).
- Meeting minute templates (with standardized structure and auto-fill features).
The .dotm format is useful when you want to create multiple documents with a consistent format and functionality.
Comparison: .docm vs .dotm
| Feature | .docm (Macro Document) | .dotm (Macro Template) |
| Role | A Word document with macros | A template with macros |
| Primary Usage | Editing and using a single file | Generating multiple documents from a blueprint |
| Macro Handling | Saved and executed directly in the file | Automatically applied to derived documents |
| Scalability | Self-contained | Useful as a reusable master copy |
Security Precautions for Macro-Enabled Files
Beware of Malicious Macros
While .docm and .dotm files are powerful tools, they can also contain malicious code (malware). Please be careful with the following points:
- Trusted Sources: Only open files from sources you trust.
- Security Settings: Configure Word’s security settings to disable the automatic execution of macros.
- Enable Content: When the “Enable Content” dialog appears, check the file contents before allowing macros to run.
Summary
The distinction between Word macro formats can be summarized as follows:
- .docm: A single document file containing macros. Best for individual documents like daily reports or application forms.
- .dotm: A template file containing macros. Best for automating standardized forms or common formats used by multiple people.
Understanding these characteristics and selecting the correct format will help improve your work efficiency and maintain security.
